How ADHD Manifests Differently in Boys and Girls: Why Symptoms Are Often Missed in Girls

What is ADHD?

ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning.

Children with ADHD often find it challenging to maintain focus, follow instructions, or sit still, which can significantly impact their academic performance, social interactions, and overall development. These symptoms may manifest differently in each individual, making diagnosis complex. ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in boys, with many of them exhibiting more overt symptoms like hyperactivity and impulsivity, which are easier to identify.

However, girls with ADHD often display subtler signs, such as inattention or emotional dysregulation, which can lead to underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis.

ADHD Symptoms in Children

ADHD symptoms in children vary, but both boys and girls exhibit the same signs including not being able to concentrate, impulsiveness, and restlessness. There are three types of ADHD:

• Inattentive Type: People have problems sustaining attention, get distracted easily, are forgetful, and are often disorganised. They can easily lose things, struggle with instructions, and seem to be daydreaming.

• Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: It is characterized by non-stop fidgeting, excessive speech, impulsive actions, and an inability to sit still. They might interrupt others, lack patience, and act on impulse without thinking.

• Combined Type: A combination of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive features. People suffer from challenges in focusing, controlling oneself, planning, and controlling impulses, which affect daily routines, school work, and interpersonal relationships.

How ADHD Manifests in Boys vs. Girls

ADHD symptoms can present differently in boys and girls. Boys typically exhibit more externalised behaviours, such as hyperactivity and impulsiveness, making it easier for parents and teachers to identify. On the other hand, girls may show more internalised symptoms like inattention and emotional dysregulation, leading to a higher chance of the condition being overlooked.

ADHD Symptoms in Boys

Boys with ADHD tend to have externalised behaviours like hyperactivity, impulsivity, and physical aggression. These are more observable and disruptive and thus more likely to be caught early.

The external character of these behaviours makes them draw attention, particularly in formal settings such as classrooms, where continuous movement or spontaneous behaviour is hard to ignore. Consequently, boys are diagnosed with ADHD more frequently, while girls, whose symptoms might be less externally disruptive, are overlooked for longer periods.

How Emotional Dysregulation Appears Differently in Boys and Girls

While boys may show emotional dysregulation through outbursts or aggression, girls often internalise their emotions, which can lead to anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem. These emotional challenges are often overlooked in girls with ADHD.

Why ADHD Symptoms in Girls Are Often Missed

ADHD in girls is likely to be camouflaged by coping strategies of perfectionism or social withdrawal. This can mean that problems are not identified until diagnosis is delayed.

Social Expectations & Gender Norms

Society often expects girls to be quieter, more organised, and compliant. This can lead to misinterpretation of symptoms in girls, who may not exhibit the disruptive behaviour typically associated with ADHD.

Masking & Coping Strategies

Many girls with ADHD learn to mask their symptoms by becoming perfectionists, overcompensating, or engaging in socially acceptable behaviours. This can make it harder for educators and parents to recognise ADHD.

Underdiagnosis and Late Diagnosis

Statistics show that girls are less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD at an early age. This delay in diagnosis can lead to significant academic and social challenges as the symptoms often worsen over time.

Common Misdiagnoses in Children with ADHD

Children with ADHD are often misdiagnosed with other conditions, as many symptoms overlap with other disorders.

ADHD vs. Anxiety & Depression

ADHD symptoms such as inattention and restlessness may be mistaken for anxiety or depression. However, ADHD primarily affects attention and activity levels, while anxiety and depression are more related to emotional and mood regulation.

Learning Disabilities Mistaken for ADHD

Conditions like dyslexia or slow processing disorder can mimic ADHD symptoms, such as difficulty concentrating or following instructions. It's important to differentiate between these disorders to ensure proper treatment.

The Risk of Delayed Diagnosis

Left untreated, ADHD can impact considerably the child's self-esteem, academic ability, and social function. Years of unnecessary struggle and frustration can happen as a delayed consequence of no diagnosis.

The Role of Hormones in ADHD Symptoms

Hormonal shifts may affect the symptoms of ADHD, particularly at puberty. Fluctuation in hormones can heighten impulsivity, emotional control, and attention issues. Moreover, the stress associated with coping with body and emotional changes at this stage further adds to difficulties in coping with ADHD symptoms.

How Puberty Affects ADHD Symptoms

Hormonal changes during puberty can make ADHD symptoms more pronounced. Girls, in particular, may experience increased emotional sensitivity and difficulty regulating their emotions.

The Long-Term Impact of ADHD Into Adulthood

ADHD doesn't disappear with age. Symptoms may change, but challenges with attention, impulsivity, and emotional regulation can continue into adulthood, affecting college, careers, and relationships.

How ADHD Diagnosis Criteria May Be Biased Toward Boys

Historically, ADHD diagnostic criteria were based on symptoms observed in boys. As a result, girls, whose symptoms may be subtler or different, are often missed. Experts are calling for an updated approach to ADHD diagnosis that considers female-specific traits.

The Impact of Late or Missed ADHD Diagnosis

Untreated ADHD can have long-term consequences, affecting academic performance, emotional well-being, and social relationships.

Academic Struggles

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have difficulties with focus, procrastination, and failure to complete set objectives within the improvement plan which leaves them feeling frustrated and insecure.

Social & Emotional Effects

Children with ADHD may experience social difficulties, leading to isolation and emotional issues like low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression.

Long-Term Consequences

ADHD when undiagnosed can create hindrances in adult life such as career choices, interpersonal relationships, and mental health. Adults with untreated ADHD tend to lifelong live with these persisting problems.

How Parents & Teachers Can Support Children with ADHD

Parents and teachers play a crucial role in recognising and managing ADHD symptoms in children. Early identification and support can help improve academic performance, emotional well-being, and social development.

Common Signs Parents Should Watch For

ADHD Children often have a hard time paying attention which may lead them to daydream or show a bit too much emotional responsiveness. They may have difficulty with following instructions, misplaced tasks, or easily become irritated.

Some of them may seem like they are always on the go, overly talkative or find it hard to control their feelings. Being able to notice these early signs can ensure the parents are able to provide appropriate assistance and intervention from the beginning.

What Teachers Can Do

Teachers can support students with ADHD by adjusting classroom seating to minimise distractions and providing structured lesson plans. Breaking tasks into smaller steps, offering visual aids, and using positive reinforcement can improve focus.

Assignment accommodations, such as extended deadlines or alternative formats, can help children succeed academically while reducing frustration.

When to Seek Professional Evaluation

If the child is repeatedly having trouble staying focused, acting impulsively, or managing their feelings in various contexts, it could be time to see a specialist. ADHD effects can interfere with learning, friendships, and self-esteem, making early intervention most important.

Professional assessment can make things clear, inform treatment plans, and guarantee the child the proper assistance.

Treatment & Management for ADHD in Boys and Girls

There are several treatment options for managing ADHD, including medication, behavioural therapy, and lifestyle changes.

Medication Options

Stimulants such as Ritalin or Adderall are commonly prescribed for ADHD, but non-stimulants like Strattera or Guanfacine may be used for children who don't respond well to stimulants.

Behavioural Therapy & Coping Strategies

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and social skills training can be effective in managing ADHD symptoms. Classroom accommodations can also help children with ADHD succeed in school.

Lifestyle Changes & Alternative Treatments

Incorporating nutrition, exercise, and mindfulness techniques into a child's routine can help manage ADHD symptoms. Parent training and support groups also offer valuable resources.

Find the Right Support for ADHD at Mindtalk

Early diagnosis and proper support can significantly impact living with ADHD. Cadabam’s Mindtalk's experts offer thorough assessments and tailored treatment plans to assist children to excel academically, socially, and emotionally.

Don’t wait- early intervention is key. If you suspect your child may have ADHD, consult a specialist today at [Contact Number]. Remember, every child deserves the opportunity to thrive and reach their full potential.

Mental Health Professional For ADHD